Pericles on Athenian Democracy
 Our constitution does not copy the laws of neighboring states; we are rather a pattern to others than imitators ourselves. Its administration favors the many instead of the few; this is why it is called a democracy. If we look to the laws, they afford equal justice to all in their private differences; if to social standing, advancement in public life falls to reputation for capacity, class considerations not being allowed to interfere with merit; nor again does poverty bar the way, if a man is able to serve the state, he is not hindered by the obscurity of his condition. The freedom which we enjoy in our government extends also to our ordinary life. There, far from exercising a jealous surveillance over each other, we do not feel called upon to be angry with our neighbor for doing what he likes, or even to indulge in those injurious looks which cannot fail to be offensive, although they inflict no positive penalty. But all this ease in our private relations does not make us lawless as citizens. . . . Our public men have, besides politics, their private affairs to attend to, and our ordinary citizens, though occupied with the pursuits of industry, are still fair judges of public matters; for, unlike any other nation, regarding him who takes no part in these duties not as unambitious but as useless, we Athenians are able to judge at all events if we cannot originate, and instead of looking on discussion as a stumbling-block in the way of action, we think it an indispensable preliminary to any wise action at all. . . .
In short, I say that as a city we are the school of Hellas; while I doubt if the world can produce a man, who where he has only himself to depend upon, is equal to so many emergencies, and graced by so happy a versatility as the Athenian. [Source: Thucydides, The Peloponnesian War, (translated by Richard Crawley, 1951), pp.104-106.] |
| Notre constitution est un exemple à suivre. Du fait que l'Etat, chez nous, est administré dans l'intérêt de la masse, et non d'une minorité, notre régime a pris le nom de démocratie. En ce qui concerne les différends entre particuliers, l'égalité est assurée à tous par les lois ; mais en ce qui concerne la participation à la vie publique, chacun obtient la considération en raison de son mérite, et la classe à laquelle il appartient importe moins que sa valeur personnelle. Enfin, nul n'est gêné par la pauvreté et par l'obscurité de sa condition sociale Thucydide, Guerre du péloponnèse, II, 37. |
| Qui ad Atene noi facciamo così. Il nostro governo favorisce i molti invece dei pochi per questo è detto democrazia. Un cittadino ateniese non trascura i pubblici affari quando attende alle proprie faccende private. Ma in nessun caso si occupa delle pubbliche faccende per risolvere le sue questioni private. Qui ad Atene noi facciamo così, ci è stato insegnato a rispettare i magistrati e c'è stato insegnato a rispettare le leggi, anche quelle leggi non scritte la cui sanzione risiede soltanto nell'universale sentimento di ciò che è giusto e di buon senso. La nostra città è aperta ed è per questo che noi non cacciamo mai uno straniero. Qui ad Atene noi facciamo così".
Pericle (495 - 429 a.c.). |
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